Bayesian Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) Filtering in Urban Multipath Environments

Eliminating false ghost radar returns reflected from glass skyscraper curtain walls.

3D Ray-Traced City Model Association

By projecting radar lines-of-sight onto accurate 3D architectural city models, algorithms identify specular reflections from glass facades, classifying them as mirror ghosts.

Cardinalized Probability Hypothesis Density Filtering

CPHD filters jointly estimate target counts and kinematic states, preventing ghost track initiation even in dense urban glass canyon environments.

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